The division of building stones due to the shape and type of processing.
• Field stone (erratic) – Harvested from the fields, in the form of rock fragments of dimensions 10 -40 cm.
• Crushed stone – It comes from the output of rock deposits or large erratic boulders. It may be unsorted, sorted or sorted and trimmed.
• Stone chipped in layers – Obtained by breaking out of the rock deposit according to the arrangement of the layers. It has two flat and parallel surfaces and edges (approximately rectilinear).
• Row stone (łupany kostkowo) – It has a shape similar to a rectangular cube and dimensions: width 20-30 cm, height at least 15 cm, length at least 20 cm.
• Punches – Stone blocks: simple or plain. Straight punches, used in the construction of retaining walls, are in the shape of regular rectangular prisms, whose smallest dimension cannot be less than 20 cm. Facing ashlars differ from straight ones in the decorative finish of only one plane.
Stone materials are obtained from rock deposits.
Granite deposits are exploited for construction purposes (igneous rock), marbles (metamorphic rock), travertines (sedimentary rock).
• Marble – Due to its decorative features, it is the noblest decorative material in interior design. Used for window sills, fireplaces and floor slabs, for facade cladding, pedestals for monuments and sculptures Natural marble is hard, durable, impact resistant, scratches and moisture. It is not stain resistant, therefore, its surface should be protected with special impregnants every few years.
• Granit – It has all the characteristics of marble, but it is harder and more resistant to scratches. It is characterized by high abrasion resistance, resistance to atmospheric influences, low water absorption and high hardness.
• Travertine is a calcareous rock. Depending on the place of occurrence, we observe great diversity due to the structure and color of this stone (from white to beige, yellow, red to dark brown). Travertine is a rock with low water absorption but low compressive strength (20-60 Mpa). It is used for the production of cladding boards.
Artificial building stone
Artificial building stone is produced on the basis of ground natural stone (technological waste generated during the production of stone slabs is used) with the addition of a suitable binder (cement, polyester composite) and hardener in combination with dyes. It often imitates various types of natural stone.